Wednesday, September 5, 2007

Detailed Outline of Chapter 2

Kaddouri Kaoutar
Dr. Ibahrine
Com 2303
Fall 2007

Detailed Outline of Chapter 2

Drawing a Bead on Global Communication Theories

I- Normative Theories
1- Based on a book entitled Four theories of the Press: Taxonomy was created.
2- Taxonomy means "dividing up all the various versions and aspects of a topic into systematic categories and sometimes sub-categories"
3- Media systems could be grouped in four categories
a- Authoritarian
b- Soviet
c- Liberal
d- Social Responsibility
4- News and information are the primary source of Media
a- Denotic and normative media
5- There are many types of print media
a- Comics
b- Trade magazines
c- Fashion magazines
d- Sports publications
6- Other models of media
a- Development model
b- Participatory media
II- A different approach: Comparing and contrasting Media
1- Soviet media had a strong overlap with media under other dictatorship with development media
2- Understanding the relation of mainstream media through four points
a- Political Power: under the Soviet model, Media was controlled heavily by the state
b- Economic Crisis: economic crisis in Russia was profound except in the 80s and 90s when oil revenues shot up.
3- Dramatic Social Transitions
a- As Russia went into transitions, media in Russia also was affected and went into transitions too in the 20th century.
b- The first media revolution started in the new revolutionary regime
c- At the time of the revolution, Russian media were on the cutting Edge.
d- In Stalin regime, media suffered under the new regime in the second transition after the revolution
III- A different Approach II: Globalization and Media
1- Different meanings of the word Globalization
a- Globalization signifies Structural economic changes
b- Globalization was used as cultural imperialism
2- people's cultural resistance is proof against cultural invasion
a- writer of this approach use the terms hybridization and hybridity
3- Transnational Labor migration generated tremendous cultural dislocation and expansion of cultural horizons among the migrant communities.
IV- A different Approach III: Small-Scale Alternative Media
1- Samizdat which means self published contained materials such as poems, plays, videocassettes that were banned under the Soviet Regime as they were not state published.

Detailed Outline of Chapter 1

Kaddouri Kaoutar
Dr. Ibahrine
Com 2303
Fall 2007

A detailed Outline of Chapter 1


Following the Historical Paths of Global Communication


I- Geographical Space: A Barrier To Communication
1- How people used to communicate across distances
a- Examples of China, Egypt, the Greeks, A Roman Emperor
2- The concept of Physical Space.
a- "Physical Space is no longer an insurmountable obstacle to human interaction."
b- What was once the "geography of space" has become the "geography of experience".
3- The emergence of the word Communication and how it transformed human interactions.
4- How early cultures created the conditions for Communication across great distances.
a- Mythical images of ancient life.
5- The emergence of the age of discovery.
a- Explorers traveling the edge of the known world
6- How communication was used in Warfare and trade.
7- The important role of scientific innovation and experiments to find solutions to the old problems.
II- Geography and the Mythical World.
1- How ancient people regarded the world.
a- Ancient mystification: Example of ancient Greeks.
2- Myths surfaced in many places during the Middle Ages about travels and fictions.
3- Metaphysical world was "no less 'real' to those societies than was the physical world of Western culture.
a- Attila's understanding of psychological power.
4- Mythical ideas were symbolic among ancient cultures.
III- Ancient Encounters of Societies and Cultures.
1- The physical world and the ancient thinkers.
2- How geography was regarded in ancient time.
3- Ancient geographical boundaries.
4- The importance of the library of Alexandria.
IV- Global Explorers: Migrants, Holy People, Merchants.
1- How migration was perceived.
2- The improvement of farming that allowed the nomads to settle.
3- The eagerness of the Europeans to expand their knowledge
4- The importance of trade routes how Europeans were eager to explore the world.
V- Mapmakers in the Medieval World.
1- Map making was an integral part of communication history.
a- Maps unlocked the unknown world.
b- Maps were guarded by Europeans and considered to be state secret.
2- The role of maps in ancient times.
a- maritime navigation
b- religious pilgrimages
c- Military and administrative uses.
3- Crusades launched the age of discovery
a- Commercial centers become trade centers.
4- How Muslims sought to determine the sacred direction.
VI- Inventors: Signals and Semaphores.
1- Information technologies were solutions to tangible and immediate problems.
2- Regional commercial postal services were maintained around merchant centers.
3- The speed of delivery and reliability were remarkably god in the medieval postal system.
4- Interest in optical signals resulted in experiments by the 18th century in Germany and Switzerland.
VII- The printing press, Literacy, and the knowledge Explosion.
1- Clerks were one of the few people engaged in tasks that require writing.
2- How was the literacy for the common public.
a- Having easy access to printed matter and the means to circulate it.
3- the appearance of the printing press in Asia
4- The social consequences of the printing press
5- The postal service was an innovation patterned after older courier and messenger systems.
VIII- Scientists And International Networks
1- Technological innovations in travel were behind linking nations who are far reaching (Telegraph, railroad).
2- The innovation of the electric telegraph marked a shift between modes of communication and transportation.
3- The first standardization of a cod of science occurred in 1860.
4- The selection of Greenwich Observatory near London as the international meridian.
IX- The international Electric Revolution
1- The general introduction of the telegraph
2- The introduction of the Telephone